Use of the prepositions among and Amongst. The English language, with its rich history and diverse influences, often presents us with subtle nuances and variations that can leave even seasoned writers scratching their heads. Prepositions, those seemingly small words that govern relationships between words in a sentence, are particularly prone to confusion. Among these, the pair “among” and “amongst” frequently sparks debate: Are they interchangeable? Are there specific contexts where one is preferred over the other?
This blog post aims to clarify the use of “among” and “amongst,” exploring their historical origins, modern usage, and the subtle factors that might influence your choice between the two. By understanding these nuances, you can confidently navigate these prepositions and enhance the clarity and precision of your writing.
Use of the prepositions among and Amongst
A Historical Perspective: Tracing the Roots of Among and Amongst
Both “among” and “amongst” share a common ancestor in the Old English word onmang, a combination of on (on) and gemang (a crowd or mixture). Over time, onmang evolved into both “among” and “amongst.”
The addition of the “-st” suffix is what sets “amongst” apart. This suffix, also found in words like “whilst” and “against,” was once more common in English and often attached to adverbs and prepositions. Its function was primarily euphonic, meaning it was added to improve the sound and flow of the language, particularly when the following word began with a consonant.
Modern Usage: Interchangeability and Regional Preferences
In modern English, “among” and “amongst” are generally considered interchangeable. Both mean “in the middle of” or “surrounded by.” However, some subtle differences in usage and regional preferences exist:
- Frequency: “Among” is significantly more common than “amongst” in both American and British English. This is a key takeaway: when in doubt, “among” is the safer and more widely accepted choice.
- British English vs. American English: “Amongst” is slightly more prevalent in British English than in American English. While Americans understand “amongst,” they rarely use it in everyday speech or writing. If you’re writing for an American audience, “among” is almost always the preferred option.
- Formal vs. Informal: “Amongst” is often perceived as more formal or even archaic than “among.” It lends a slightly elevated or literary tone to writing. This formality can be appropriate in academic papers, legal documents, or creative writing aiming for a specific effect. However, in more casual or conversational contexts, “among” is the better choice.
- Euphony and Rhythm: The “-st” ending of “amongst” can sometimes create a more pleasing sound or rhythm in certain sentences, particularly when the following word begins with a consonant. Consider the following examples:
- Among us: Sounds perfectly fine.Amongst us: Also acceptable, slightly more formal, and might be chosen for rhythmic reasons.Among friends: Again, perfectly acceptable.Amongst friends: More formal, but arguably flows nicely due to the consonant ‘f’ following “amongst.”
When to Consider Using “Amongst” (and When to Avoid It)
While “among” is the default choice, there are specific scenarios where you might consider using “amongst”:
- To achieve a specific tone: If you’re aiming for a more formal, literary, or slightly old-fashioned tone, “amongst” can be a suitable choice. Think historical fiction, formal speeches, or academic treatises.
- For rhythmic or euphonic reasons: If you believe “amongst” creates a more pleasing sound or improves the rhythm of the sentence, especially when followed by a consonant, you can consider using it. However, read the sentence aloud and carefully consider if it genuinely improves the flow.
- When mimicking period writing: If you are quoting or writing in the style of a particular historical period where “amongst” was more common, using it can help maintain authenticity.
However, it’s equally important to know when to avoid using “amongst”:
- In most everyday writing and speech, “Among” is the safer and more widely accepted choice in the vast majority of situations.
- When writing for an American audience, Americans rarely use “amongst” and might perceive it as pretentious or affected.
- When aiming for clarity and simplicity, “Among” is generally more straightforward to understand than “amongst.” Prioritize clarity over perceived elegance, especially when writing for a broad audience.
- If you’re unsure: If you’re uncertain whether “amongst” is appropriate, stick with “among.” It’s always better to err on the side of clarity and simplicity.
Examples in Context:
Here are some examples illustrating the use of “among” and “amongst” in various contexts:
- Among:
- The book was hidden among the papers on his desk.
- There was a sense of camaraderie among the team members.
- The decision was unpopular among the students.
- Divide the candies among the children.
- Amongst:
- (Formal) He lectured amongst the assembled dignitaries.
- (Literary) She wandered amongst the ancient ruins, lost in thought.
- (British English) He felt uncomfortable amongst all those strangers.
- (Euphonic – arguably) There was a traitor amongst friends. (Note: “among friends” is equally acceptable)
Beyond Usage: Related Phrases
It’s worth noting that both “among” and “amongst” are used in various idiomatic phrases. Here are a few examples:
- Among other things, this phrase means “including other things that could be mentioned.”
- He enjoys reading, among other things.
- Among those present: This phrase indicates that someone was included in a group of people.
- Among those present at the meeting was the CEO.
- Lost among/amongst: Meaning to be overwhelmed or obscured by something else.
- The beauty of the song was lost among the loud instruments.
Conclusion: Choosing Wisely
The choice between “among” and “amongst” is ultimately a matter of style, context, and audience. While they are largely interchangeable in modern English, “among” remains the more common and generally preferred option. “Amongst” can be used to achieve a more formal or literary tone, particularly when the following word begins with a consonant, but its usage should be considered carefully.
By understanding the historical origins, modern usage, and subtle nuances of these prepositions, you can confidently choose the word that best suits your writing needs and enhance the clarity and precision of your communication. Remember to consider your audience, the context of your writing, and the overall tone you wish to convey. When in doubt, stick with “among,” the reliable and widely accepted choice. Happy writing!
Use of the prepositions among and Amongst
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