Simple Present or Present Indefinite Tense | Lovhind
Simple Present or Present Indefinite Tense | Lovhind

Present Indefinite Tense । Sahil Sir

Simple Present or Present Indefinite Tense

What is the Simple Present Tense? Or What is the Present Indefinite Tense?

Tense is the way to understand the time, so we can find out when actual work has been done. (Tense समय को समझने का तरीका है ताकि हम यह पता लगा सकें कि वास्तविक कार्य कब किया गया है।)

You can define Present Indefinite Tense or Simple Present Tense as any action that happens in the present, although there is no time limit for the completion of that action. (आप वर्तमान अनिश्चित काल या सरल वर्तमान काल को किसी भी क्रिया के रूप में परिभाषित कर सकते हैं जो वर्तमान में होती है, हालांकि उस क्रिया के पूरा होने की कोई समय सीमा नहीं है।)

We can use the present indefinite tense to express true events, the near future, habits, nature, routine or daily events, facts, etc. (हम वर्तमान अनिश्चित काल का उपयोग सच्ची घटनाओं, निकट भविष्य, आदतों, प्रकृति, दिनचर्या या दैनिक घटनाओं, तथ्यों आदि को व्यक्त करने के लिए कर सकते हैं।)

Some Examples of Present Indefinite Tense

  • Reena eats an apple every day.
    रीना प्रतिदिन एक सेब खाती है।
  • Raju loves sugarcane juice.
    राजू को गन्ने का रस बहुत पसंद है /
    राजू को गन्ने का रस पसंद करता है।
  • I go to school every morning.
    मैं हर सुबह स्कूल जाता हूं.
  • You read the newspaper daily.
    आप रोजाना अखबार पढ़ते हैं.
  • I wake up at 4 o’clock every day.
    मैं हर दिन 4 बजे उठता हूं.
  • Sunil goes to the office at 9:00.
    सुनील 9:00 बजे ऑफिस चला जाता है.
  • I like milk.
    मुझे दूध पसन्द है / मैं दूध पसन्द करता हूँ।
  • He likes chocolates.
    उसे चॉकलेट पसंद है / वह चॉकलेट पसंद करता है।
  • It always snows here in January.
    जनवरी में यहां हमेशा बर्फबारी होती है।
  • Nidhi plays chess in the evenings.
    निधि शाम को शतरंज खेलती है।

Uses of Present Indefinite Tense

We use the simple present tense (हम सरल वर्तमान काल का उपयोग करते हैं):

  • To express actions done as a matter of habit.
    (आदत के रूप में किये गये कार्यों को व्यक्त करने के लिए।)

For example,
Rajesh wakes up at 6 a.m.
राजेश सुबह 6 बजे उठता है.

  • To express actions done repeatedly. 
    (बार-बार की जाने वाली क्रियाओं को व्यक्त करने के लिए।)

For example,
They play football in the park every day.
वे हर दिन पार्क में फुटबॉल खेलते हैं।

  • To state facts or what is known to be true. 
    (तथ्यों या जो सच माना जाता है उसे बताने के लिए।)

For example,
A snake has no eyelids.
साँप की पलकें नहीं होतीं।

  • We use simple present tense to describe scheduled events in the future 

For Example:

The train arrives at 5 o’clock.

Note: These activities do not have to be happening right now.

This type of sentence, especially if it’s describing a habit, will usually include a time expression like “always,” “every year,” “never,” “often,” “on Mondays,” “rarely,” “sometimes,” or “usually.”

Present Indefinite Tense Rules

Rules for Affirmative Sentences in Present Indefinite Tense

In the present simple 3rd person singular (he, she, it, or single name), add s, es, or ies to the base form of the verb.

Structure of present simple 3rd person singular:
Subject + base form of verb(s/es) + object + other words

Rule 1: If a verb ends with a vowel before -y, we add -s for the third-person singular (यदि कोई क्रिया -y से पहले एक स्वर के साथ समाप्त होती है, तो हम तीसरे व्यक्ति एकवचन के लिए -s जोड़ते हैं।)

Example:

  •  say > says
  • play > plays
  • buy > buys
  • pay > pays

Rule 2: If a verb ends with a consonant before -y, change the y to i and add es for the third person singular (यदि कोई क्रिया -y से पहले एक व्यंजन के साथ समाप्त होती है, तो y को i में बदलें और तीसरे व्यक्ति एकवचन के लिए es जोड़ें।)

Example:

  • study > studies
  • fly > flies
  • cry > cries
  • try > tries
  • fry > fries

Rule 3: If a verb ends with s, ss, sh, ch, x, zz, and o, add an es.

Example:

  • wash > washes
  • mix > mixes
  • relax > relaxes
  • go > goes
  • pass > passes
  • express > expresses
  • cross > crosses
  • buzz > buzzes

Examples of third person singular in the Present Indefinite Tense

  1. She dances. वह नृत्य करती है।
  2. He goes. वह जाता है।
  3. She comes. वह आता है।
  4. It watches. यह देखता है.
  5. Radha goes home. राधा घर जाती है।.
  6. Razia drinks water. रजिया ने पानी पीती है।
  7. The dog eats a piece of bread. कुत्ता रोटी का एक टुकड़ा खाता है.
  8. Rahim brings a tomato. रहीम एक टमाटर लाता है।
  9. He takes tea in the morning. वह सुबह चाय पीते हैं.
  10. She has a pen. उसके पास एक कलम है / वह एक कलम रखता है।
  11. Raju crosses the river every day. राजू प्रतिदिन नदी पार करता है।
  12. Nidhi applies for leave.  निधि छुट्टी के लिए आवदेन करती है।
  13. Sonu wakes up in the morning. सोनू सुबह में उठता है।
  14. Robert plays football every Sunday. रॉबर्ट प्रत्येक रविवार को फुटबॉल खेलता है।
  15. Hari watches television at 2 pm every week. हरि हर सप्ताह दोपहर 2 बजे टेलीविजन देखता है।
  16. He sleeps late on Saturday. वह शनिवार को देर तक सोता है।
  17. Akhilesh rings the bell. अखिलेश ने घंटी बजाता है।
  18. Aditya throws the ball. आदित्य गेंद फेंकता है।
  19. He lives in Padrauna. वह पडरौना में रहते हैं।
  20. She pours the water into the pot. वह बर्तन में पानी डालती है।
  21. Nidhi lives in Jataha. निधि जटहां में रहती हैं।
  22. Suhel crosses the river. सुहेल नदी पार करता है।
  23. Karishma cooks food. करिश्मा खाना बनाती है.
  24. Rakhi wears a tie. राखी टाई पहनती है।
  25. Niraj works at night. नीरज रात में काम करता है।
  26. Rai goes to school. राय स्कूल जाता है.
  27. She always finishes her glass of milk. वह हमेशा अपना दूध का गिलास खत्म कर लेती है।

The verb base form does not change in the present simple third-person Plural (They).

Structure of present simple 3rd person plural: 
Subject + base form of the verb + object + other words

Examples of third person Plural in Present Indefinite Tense

  1. They go home every day. वे हर दिन घर जाते हैं.
  2. They run in the field. वे मैदान में दौड़ते हैं.
  3. They eat pineapple. वे अनन्‍नास खाते हैं.
  4. They walk on the road. वे सड़क पर चलते हैं.

In the present simple 1st and 2nd person singular, there is no change in the base form of the verb.

Structure of present 1st and 2nd person singular:
Subject + base form of verb + object + other words

Examples of 1st and 2nd person singular in the Present Indefinite Tense

  1. I play basketball. मैं बास्केटबॉल खेलता हूँ।
  2. I go home. मैं घर गया।
  3. I go to the market. मैं बाज़ार जाता हूँ।
  4. I clean my clothes.मैं अपने कपड़े साफ़ करता हूँ.
  5. I mix water and sugar. मैं पानी और चीनी मिलाता हूं।
  6. I cross the railway track. मैं रेलवे ट्रैक पार करता हूं.
  7. You pay the bills. तुम बिल पे करते हो।
  8. You buy mangoes. तुम आम खरीदते हो।
  9. You watch movies. आप फिल्में देखते हैं.
  10. You go home. तुम घर जाती हो। 
  11. You like oranges. तुम संतरा पसंद करती हो।
  12. You bring potatoes. तुम आलू लाती हो।
  13. You write a book. तुम एक किताब लिखती हो।
  14. You go to school every day. तुम प्रतिदिन स्कूल जाती हो।

In the present simple 1st and 2nd person Plural, there is no change in the verb base form

Structure of present simple 1st and 2nd person Plural:
Subject + base form of verb + object + other words

Examples of 1st, and 2nd person Plural in the Present Indefinite Tense

  1. We cook food sometimes. हम कभी-कभी खाना बनाते हैं.
  2. We send out messages every day. हम हर दिन संदेश भेजते हैं।
  3. We always spend quality time.
  4. You work in a grocery store. आप एक किराने की दुकान में काम करते हैं.
  5. You cry out loud.
  6. You go to the market.

Rules for Negative Sentences in Present Indefinite Tense

Negative sentences are formed by putting does not or doesn’t with the singular subject and do not or don’t with a plural subject before the first stage of the verb.

  • We use does not for singular subjects.
  • We use do not for the plural subject.
  • We use do not for subject I.

Structure of present simple negative sentence with singular subject: 
Subject + does not + base form of verb + object + other words.

Example:

  1. She does not go home.
  2. He does not cook food.
  3. It does not break.
  4. Raju doesn’t buy milk.
  5. Razia does not sing a new song.
  6. Radha does not dance at the party.
  7. He does not come home.
  8. He does not work in a software company.
  9. She does not play football.
  10. Nimmi does not eat ice cream in winter.

Structure of present simple negative sentence with plural subject: 
Subject + do not + base form of verb + object + other words.

Example:

  1. I do not go to Delhi.
  2. I don’t like Sonia.
  3. I do not sleep during the day.
  4. You don’t go to school.
  5. You don’t like to sing that song.
  6. You do not splash water on the table.
  7. You and I don’t like mangoes.
  8. Radha and Shyam don’t like working at the river.
  9. We don’t drink Pepsi.
  10. Rajendra and Virendra do not sell rice.

***** How to use never in the present simple negative sentences?

  • We add s or es in the base form of verbs with singular subjects while using never for does not.
  • We make no change with plural subjects while using never for do not.

Example:

  • Robert never goes to the hotel.
  • Shayara never speaks the truth.
  • We never go to the fair.
  • You never take tea.

Rules for Interrogative Sentences in Present Indefinite Tense

There are two types of Interrogative sentences:

Yes/No type of question

The sentences that start with helping or auxiliary verbs are called the Yes/No question.

Structure of Yes/No Type: 
Do/Does + Subject + Base Form of the verb + object + other words +?

Examples:

  1. Does Ravi go to Shimla?
  2. Does Kavita serve dinner?
  3. Does he play football?
  4. Does she mix water in milk?
  5. Does Suhel wash his clothes?
  6. Do I drink water?
  7. Do they learn English?
  8. Do we close the windows?
  9. Do they go to school by bus?
  10. Do we hate him?
  11. Do Ram and Sita live in Gorakhpur?
  12. Does the bus arrive at 6:00 am?
  13. Do children like sweets?
  14. Do you enjoy basketball?
  15. Do they avoid you?
  16. Do you still meet your friends?
  17. Does Mahesh work out daily?
  18. Does Vishal admire you?
  19. Do you prefer tea or coffee?

Wh-word type of question

The sentences that start with question words are called the Wh-word type of question.

Structure for wh-word: 
Question word + do/does + subject + base form of verb + object + other words +?

Examples:

  1. Why does she go there?
  2. What do you do?
  3. When does he come here?
  4. Where do you live?
  5. How does Sita cross the river?
  6. Who calls you?
  7. Whom do you like?
  8. Which book do you want to buy?
  9. How do we go to the cinema?
  10. Which work do you do?
  11. What do you say?
  12. Why do you do this?

Rules for Interrogative Negative Sentences in Present Indefinite Tense

Structure for Yes/No type of Negative sentences: 
Do/Does + subject + not + base form of the verb + object + other words +?

Examples:

  1. Do you not go to the market?
  2. Does she not talk to you?
  3. Do we not go to the shopping mall?
  4. Does the kid not cry?
  5. Do Radha and Krishna not live in Padrauna?
  6. Does William not speak Hindi?
  7. Does he not earn?

Wh-word Negative type of question

Structure for Wh-word type of Negative sentences:
Question word + do/does + subject + not + base form of the verb + object + other words +?

Examples:

  1. Why do you not play tennis?
  2. What does she not cook for breakfast?
  3. How does he not speak English?
  4. What does Ram not know?
  5. When does it not rain?
  6. Where do they not bring bananas?

Note: We do not use Do/Does when the interrogative word itself is, in such case, we add s/es at the end of the verb with a subject.

Examples:

  • Who abuses you?
  • Who beats you?
  • Who gives you food every day?

More Questions and Answers

  • Question: Do I run very fast?
  • Answer: Yes, you run very fast.
  • Question: Do you lie?
  • Answer: No, I don’t lie.
  • Question: Do you know singing?
  • Answer: Yes, I know singing.
  • Question: Do you know him?
  • Answer: Yes, I know him.
  • Question: Do you go to school?
  • Answer: Yes, I go to school.
  • Question: Do we pray to God?
  • Answer: Yes, we pray to God.
  • Question: Do you know dance?
  • Answer: Yes, I know dance.
  • Question: Does the sun rise in the east?
  • Answer: Yes, the sun rises in the east.
  • Question: Does peon ring the bell?
  • Answer: Yes, peon rings the bell.
  • Question: Do you obey your parents?
  • Answer: Yes, I obey my parents.
  • Question: Do stars shine at night?
  • Answer: Yes, stars shine at night.
  • Question: Does he eat eggs?
  • Answer: Yes, he eats eggs.
  • Question: Do you take milk daily?
  • Answer: Yes, I take milk daily.
  • Question: Do you enjoy the party?
  • Answer: Yes, I enjoy the party.
  • Question: Do you visit the doctor regularly?
  • Answer: Yes, I visit the doctor regularly.
  • Question: Do you go shopping regularly?
  • Answer: No, I don’t go shopping regularly.
  • Question: Do you drive a car?
  • Answer: Yes, I drive a car.
  • Question: Does she take care of everyone?
  • Answer: Yes, she takes care of everyone.
  • Question: Do you take sleeping pills?
  • Answer: No, I don’t take sleeping pills.
  • Question: Do you take excess sugar?
  • Answer: No, I don’t take excess sugar.
  • Question: How often do you go for a picnic? 
  • Answer: I go for picnics off and on.
  • Question: Where do you go for a morning walk?
  • Answer: I go for a morning walk in a park.
  • Question: Which game do you play in the evening? 
  • Answer: I play badminton in the evening.
  • Question: How does he clean his room? 
  • Answer: He does not clean the room. His mother cleans his room.
  • Question: How do you complete your homework? 
  • Answer: I complete my homework myself.
  • Question: When do you sleep? 
  • Answer: I sleep at 10 P.m.
  • Question: When do you take your lunch break? 
  • Answer: I take my lunch break at 2 P.m.
  • Question: Where do you want to go? 
  • Answer: I want to go to London.
  • Question: Which subject do you like the most? 
  • Answer: I like personal development the most.
  • Question: Which picnic spot do you like the most? 
  • Answer: I like Kushinagar the most.
  • Question: Why don’t you join a gym? 
  • Answer: I don’t want to join a gym.
  • Question: Why don’t you play football? 
  • Answer: I don’t get time to play football.
  • Question: Why doesn’t she come for the evening walk? 
  • Answer: She does not like to go for an evening walk.
  • Question: Who comes here after me? 
  • Answer: No one comes here after you.
  • Question: Where do you go for the movie? 
  • Answer: I go for a movie in PVR.
  • Question: Where do you buy vegetables? 
  • Answer: I buy vegetables from the vegetable market.
  • Question: How often do you go for an evening walk? 
  • Answer: I go for an evening walk daily.
  • Question: Whom do you know in town? 
  • Answer: I know many people in town.
  • Question: Whom do you want to meet? 
  • Answer: I want to meet your boss.
  • Question: To whom do you want to give this information? 
  • Answer: I want to give this information to my friend.
  • Question: Why do you shout always? 
  • Answer: I never shout.
  • Question: Do you love success? 
  • Answer: Yes, I love success.
  • Question: Why don’t you join French classes? 
  • Answer: I do not want to join French classes.
  • Question: Who goes to Delhi with you? 
  • Answer: My uncle goes to Delhi with me.
  • Question: When does he start the office in the morning? 
  • Answer: He starts his office at 8 A.m.
  • Question: Do you brush your teeth daily? 
  • Answer: Yes, I brush my teeth daily.
  • Question: Do you get pain in your neck? 
  • Answer: I hardly get pain in my neck.
  • Question: What do you do? 
  • Answer: I work as a soft-skill coach.
  • Question: Do you like liquid or solid food? 
  • Answer: I like liquid and solid food.
  • Question: Do you like pets like dogs or cats? 
  • Answer: Yes, I like pets.
  • Question: Do you follow the right path? 
  • Answer: Yes, I follow the right path.
  • Question: What do you want? 
  • Answer: I want a big palace.
  • Question: Do you spend time in nature? 
  • Answer: Yes, I spend time in nature.
  • Question: Do you support your father? 
  • Answer: Yes, I support my father.
  • Question: Do you eat fat food? 
  • Answer: I hardly eat fast food.
  • Question: Do you buy original CDs or pirated ones? 
  • Answer: I buy the original and pirated both.
  • Question: How often do you reply to e-mails? 
  • Answer: I reply to e-mails once a day.
  • Question: What do you have for breakfast? 
  • Answer: I have fruits or any light breakfast.
  • Question: Who sleeps here? 
  • Answer: My father sleeps here.
  • Question: What do you like in summer and winter? 
  • Answer: I like winter more.
  • Question: How does he go to school? 
  • Answer: He goes to school by school bus.
  • Question: Which country do you like the most? 
  • Answer: I like India the most.
  • Question: Which car do you like the most? 
  • Answer: I like Bugatti the most.
  • Question: Does money grow on trees? 
  • Answer: No, money does not grow on trees.
  • Question: Do you need any information? 
  • Answer: I do not need any information.
  • Question: Do you know anyone who is suffering from a heart attack? 
  • Answer: I do not know anyone who is suffering from a heart attack.
  • Question: Do you borrow money from your friends? 
  • Answer: I don’t borrow money from friends.
  • Question: Do you know the effect of the environment change? 
  • Answer: I know some of the effects of environmental change.
  • Question: Do you know the cost of this expensive watch? 
  • Answer: I don’t know the cost of this expensive watch.
  • Question: Do you know the computer’s basics (fundamentals or ABC)? 
  • Answer: I know the basics of computers.
  • Question: Do you know the chief of this company?
  • Answer: I know the chief of this company.
  • Question: Do you know the current economic situation?
  • Answer: I don’t know the current economic situation.
  • Question: Do you need a new suit for the party?
  • Answer: Yes, I need a new suit for the party.
  • Question: Do you represent this company?
  • Answer: Yes, I represent this company.
  • Question: Do you know his character (combination of qualities in a
    person)?
  • Answer: Yes, I know his character.
  • Question: Do you copy the way of dressing from someone? 
  • Answer: I don’t copy my way of dressing from someone.

—–> Sahil Hasan

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